Logical Inference - CCAT Test Prep

This type of question tests your ability to make logical inferences based on given statements. You are provided with some initial information and then asked to determine if a new statement is true, false, or uncertain based on that information. Logical inference questions like these can improve your deductive reasoning skills.

logical-inference

How to Approach Logical Inference Questions

Question 1 - Logical Inference

Assume the first two statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain based on the information provided?

  • Milk costs more than eggs.
  • Milk costs less than cake.
  • Eggs cost more than cake.

A) True
B) False
C) Uncertain

Analyzing the Statements

  1. Milk costs more than eggs.
    This means that Milk > Eggs.
  2. Milk costs less than cake.
    This means that Cake > Milk.
  3. Eggs cost more than cake.
    To determine if this statement is true, we need to see how Eggs compare to Cake based on the above statements.

Explanation

  • We know Cake > Milk and Milk > Eggs.
  • This means Cake > Milk > Eggs, indicating that Eggs are the cheapest and Cake is the most expensive.
  • Therefore, the statement "Eggs cost more than cake" cannot be true because Cake is more expensive than both Milk and Eggs.

Answer: B) False

Question 2 - Logical Inference

Assume the following statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain based on the information provided?

  • John runs faster than Mike.
  • Mike runs faster than Steve.
  • Steve runs faster than John.

A) True
B) False
C) Uncertain

Analyzing the Statements

  1. John runs faster than Mike.
    This means John > Mike.
  2. Mike runs faster than Steve.
    This means Mike > Steve.
  3. Steve runs faster than John.
    We need to determine if this statement is true based on the previous information.

Explanation

  • We know John > Mike > Steve.
  • Therefore, the statement "Steve runs faster than John" is not true as John is the fastest.

Answer: B) False

Question 3 - Logical Inference

Assume the following statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain based on the information provided?

  • A is taller than B.
  • B is taller than C.
  • A is shorter than C.

A) True
B) False
C) Uncertain

Analyzing the Statements

  1. A is taller than B.
    This means A > B.
  2. B is taller than C.
    This means B > C.
  3. A is shorter than C.
    We need to determine if this statement is true based on the previous information.

Explanation

  • We know A > B > C, which means A is the tallest, and C is the shortest.
  • Therefore, the statement "A is shorter than C" is not true.

Answer: B) False

How to Solve Logical Inference Questions

Break Down the Relationships

  1. Identify the Relationships: Write down the relationships between each of the elements in a logical order.
  2. Compare Carefully: Ensure you compare all the elements consistently based on the given relationships.
  3. Eliminate Incorrect Statements: Evaluate whether the final statement logically follows from the given information.

Logical inference questions can be tricky, but with careful analysis, you can deduce the correct relationships and draw accurate conclusions.

10 Question with Incorrect assumption

Question 1

Assume the first two statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • Tom is taller than Jerry.
  • Jerry is taller than Sam.
  • Sam is taller than Tom.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Tom > Jerry.
  2. From the second statement: Jerry > Sam.
  3. This means Tom > Jerry > Sam.
  4. The final statement says: Sam is taller than Tom, which is clearly incorrect.

Answer: B) False

Question 2

Assume the following statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • The red box is heavier than the blue box.
  • The blue box is heavier than the green box.
  • The green box is heavier than the red box.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Red > Blue.
  2. From the second statement: Blue > Green.
  3. This means Red > Blue > Green.
  4. The final statement says: Green is heavier than Red, which contradicts the given information.

Answer: B) False

Question 3

Assume the first two statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • The car is faster than the bicycle.
  • The bicycle is faster than the scooter.
  • The scooter is faster than the car.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Car > Bicycle.
  2. From the second statement: Bicycle > Scooter.
  3. This means Car > Bicycle > Scooter.
  4. The final statement says: Scooter is faster than the Car, which is incorrect.

Answer: B) False

Question 4

Assume the following statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • Sarah is older than Lisa.
  • Lisa is older than Kevin.
  • Kevin is older than Sarah.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Sarah > Lisa.
  2. From the second statement: Lisa > Kevin.
  3. This means Sarah > Lisa > Kevin.
  4. The final statement says: Kevin is older than Sarah, which is false.

Answer: B) False

Question 5

Assume the first two statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • The table is heavier than the chair.
  • The chair is heavier than the lamp.
  • The lamp is heavier than the table.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Table > Chair.
  2. From the second statement: Chair > Lamp.
  3. This means Table > Chair > Lamp.
  4. The final statement says: Lamp is heavier than the Table, which contradicts the previous information.

Answer: B) False

Question 6

Assume the following statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • Mark drives faster than Tom.
  • Tom drives faster than Jane.
  • Jane drives faster than Mark.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Mark > Tom.
  2. From the second statement: Tom > Jane.
  3. This means Mark > Tom > Jane.
  4. The final statement says: Jane drives faster than Mark, which is false.

Answer: B) False

Question 7

Assume the first two statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • Apples are more expensive than bananas.
  • Bananas are more expensive than grapes.
  • Grapes are more expensive than apples.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Apples > Bananas.
  2. From the second statement: Bananas > Grapes.
  3. This means Apples > Bananas > Grapes.
  4. The final statement says: Grapes are more expensive than Apples, which contradicts the given information.

Answer: B) False

Question 8

Assume the following statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • The cat is larger than the mouse.
  • The mouse is larger than the spider.
  • The spider is larger than the cat.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Cat > Mouse.
  2. From the second statement: Mouse > Spider.
  3. This means Cat > Mouse > Spider.
  4. The final statement says: Spider is larger than the Cat, which is false.

Answer: B) False

Question 9

Assume the first two statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • John runs faster than Peter.
  • Peter runs faster than Paul.
  • Paul runs faster than John.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: John > Peter.
  2. From the second statement: Peter > Paul.
  3. This means John > Peter > Paul.
  4. The final statement says: Paul runs faster than John, which is incorrect.

Answer: B) False

Question 10

Assume the following statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • Water is colder than fire.
  • Fire is hotter than ice.
  • Ice is hotter than water.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Fire > Water (in terms of temperature).
  2. From the second statement: Fire > Ice.
  3. This means Fire > Ice > Water.
  4. The final statement says: Ice is hotter than Water, which contradicts the given statements.

Answer: B) False

10 Questions with correct assumptions

Question 1

Assume the first two statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • Tom is taller than Jerry.
  • Jerry is taller than Sam.
  • Tom is taller than Sam.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Tom > Jerry.
  2. From the second statement: Jerry > Sam.
  3. This means Tom > Jerry > Sam.
  4. The final statement says Tom > Sam, which is consistent with the given information.

Answer: A) True

Question 2

Assume the following statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • The red box is heavier than the blue box.
  • The blue box is heavier than the green box.
  • The red box is heavier than the green box.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Red > Blue.
  2. From the second statement: Blue > Green.
  3. This means Red > Blue > Green.
  4. The final statement says Red > Green, which matches the sequence.

Answer: A) True

Question 3

Assume the first two statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • The car is faster than the bicycle.
  • The bicycle is faster than the scooter.
  • The car is faster than the scooter.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Car > Bicycle.
  2. From the second statement: Bicycle > Scooter.
  3. This means Car > Bicycle > Scooter.
  4. The final statement says Car > Scooter, which is correct.

Answer: A) True

Question 4

Assume the following statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • Sarah is older than Lisa.
  • Lisa is older than Kevin.
  • Sarah is older than Kevin.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Sarah > Lisa.
  2. From the second statement: Lisa > Kevin.
  3. This means Sarah > Lisa > Kevin.
  4. The final statement says Sarah > Kevin, which is consistent.

Answer: A) True

Question 5

Assume the first two statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • The table is heavier than the chair.
  • The chair is heavier than the lamp.
  • The table is heavier than the lamp.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Table > Chair.
  2. From the second statement: Chair > Lamp.
  3. This means Table > Chair > Lamp.
  4. The final statement says Table > Lamp, which is correct.

Answer: A) True

Question 6

Assume the following statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • Mark drives faster than Tom.
  • Tom drives faster than Jane.
  • Mark drives faster than Jane.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Mark > Tom.
  2. From the second statement: Tom > Jane.
  3. This means Mark > Tom > Jane.
  4. The final statement says Mark > Jane, which is correct.

Answer: A) True

Question 7

Assume the first two statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • Apples are more expensive than bananas.
  • Bananas are more expensive than grapes.
  • Apples are more expensive than grapes.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Apples > Bananas.
  2. From the second statement: Bananas > Grapes.
  3. This means Apples > Bananas > Grapes.
  4. The final statement says Apples > Grapes, which is correct.

Answer: A) True

Question 8

Assume the following statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • The cat is larger than the mouse.
  • The mouse is larger than the spider.
  • The cat is larger than the spider.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Cat > Mouse.
  2. From the second statement: Mouse > Spider.
  3. This means Cat > Mouse > Spider.
  4. The final statement says Cat > Spider, which is consistent.

Answer: A) True

Question 9

Assume the first two statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • John runs faster than Peter.
  • Peter runs faster than Paul.
  • John runs faster than Paul.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: John > Peter.
  2. From the second statement: Peter > Paul.
  3. This means John > Peter > Paul.
  4. The final statement says John > Paul, which is correct.

Answer: A) True

Question 10

Assume the following statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • Water is colder than fire.
  • Fire is hotter than ice.
  • Water is colder than ice.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Fire > Water (in terms of temperature).
  2. From the second statement: Fire > Ice.
  3. This means Fire > Ice > Water.
  4. The final statement says Water < Ice, which is true since water is colder.

Answer: A) True

10 Questions with uncertain assumptions

Question 1

Assume the first two statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • Tom is taller than Jerry.
  • Jerry is taller than Sam.
  • Tom is shorter than Kevin.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Tom > Jerry.
  2. From the second statement: Jerry > Sam.
  3. There is no information about the height of Kevin relative to Jerry or Sam, so we cannot determine Tom < Kevin with certainty.

Answer: C) Uncertain

Question 2

Assume the following statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • The red box is heavier than the blue box.
  • The blue box is heavier than the green box.
  • The red box is lighter than the yellow box.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Red > Blue.
  2. From the second statement: Blue > Green.
  3. There is no information to directly relate Yellow to Blue or Green.

Answer: C) Uncertain

Question 3

Assume the first two statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • The car is faster than the bicycle.
  • The scooter is faster than the bicycle.
  • The car is faster than the scooter.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Car > Bicycle.
  2. From the second statement: Scooter > Bicycle.
  3. There is no information to compare Car and Scooter.

Answer: C) Uncertain

Question 4

Assume the following statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • Sarah is older than Lisa.
  • Kevin is older than Lisa.
  • Kevin is younger than Sarah.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Sarah > Lisa.
  2. From the second statement: Kevin > Lisa.
  3. We cannot determine if Kevin < Sarah is true with the given information.

Answer: C) Uncertain

Question 5

Assume the first two statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • The table is heavier than the chair.
  • The chair is heavier than the lamp.
  • The lamp is heavier than the sofa.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Table > Chair.
  2. From the second statement: Chair > Lamp.
  3. We cannot determine the relationship between Sofa and the other items with certainty.

Answer: C) Uncertain

Question 6

Assume the following statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • Mark drives faster than Tom.
  • Jane drives faster than Mark.
  • Tom drives faster than Steve.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Mark > Tom.
  2. From the second statement: Jane > Mark.
  3. There is no information on how Steve compares to Jane or Mark.

Answer: C) Uncertain

Question 7

Assume the first two statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • Apples are more expensive than bananas.
  • Grapes are more expensive than bananas.
  • Apples are less expensive than grapes.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Apples > Bananas.
  2. From the second statement: Grapes > Bananas.
  3. We cannot determine whether Apples < Grapes with certainty based on the given information.

Answer: C) Uncertain

Question 8

Assume the following statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • The cat is larger than the mouse.
  • The spider is larger than the mouse.
  • The cat is smaller than the spider.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Cat > Mouse.
  2. From the second statement: Spider > Mouse.
  3. We cannot determine the size relationship between Cat and Spider.

Answer: C) Uncertain

Question 9

Assume the first two statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • John runs faster than Peter.
  • Paul runs faster than John.
  • Peter runs faster than Paul.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: John > Peter.
  2. From the second statement: Paul > John.
  3. We cannot determine if Peter > Paul is true with certainty.

Answer: C) Uncertain

Question 10

Assume the following statements are true. Is the final statement true, false, or uncertain?

  • Fire is hotter than water.
  • Water is hotter than ice.
  • Fire is hotter than steam.

Step-by-Step Explanation:

  1. From the first statement: Fire > Water.
  2. From the second statement: Water > Ice.
  3. There is no information given about how Steam compares to Fire in terms of temperature.

Answer: C) Uncertain

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